Addiction Coursework - 825 Words

Addiction (Coursework Sample) Content: Name:Instructor:Course:Date:AddictionThis essay tends to compare two articles and identifies the various similarities and differences they both have. I will discuss three major issues outlined that include a type of addiction to the subject, the feelings portrayed by the family, and other people towards the addict and finally the outcome of the addict that is his death. The similarities are the two articles tend to constitute a type of addictive behavior that the person being spoken about has. In the first article written by Ellen Goodman titled:The Company Man describes a man, who is addicted to his work so much, he barely has time for his family. Most of his family members do not even know him well at all as he does not spend time at home. It is evident where in the obituary it was said that he had passed on due to coronary thrombosis, but everyone including his acquaintances and friends knew he was a flawless type A workaholic. The second article entitled: under th e influence: Paying the price of My Fathers Booze, describes how his father had an addiction, but his was that of alcohol. This addiction made his children fear him and his wife despise him. It is evident when he writes his father drank. He drank like a gut-punched boxer tends to gasp for breath, like a starved dog gobbles food secretly, compulsively, trembling and in pain. The phrase like a starved dog gobbles food shows the extent of his addiction.The two articles also share a fact that the addiction of the party being referred to elicits various feelings from family members and other people. In the first article, his wife Helen who was forty eight years of age had given up competing with her husbands work, when the children were still small, years ago, according to her daughter. Even a friend from the company had told her that he knew how much she would miss him, and she said she already had. We see that his eldest child, working in a manufacturing firm as an executive barely kne w him. Moreover, he had gone around their neighborhood to search his father and inquire from them information about him. His second girl child had nothing to say to him when seated in a car as they were driving. In the second article, there is guilt, shame fear and rage along with the danger of abandonment and insanity. He writes that other people tend to have keener sources of grief like racism, poverty, war and rape. However, he was trying to comprehend the mixture of responsibility; helplessness and shame that he learnt to feel considering him being the son of an alcoholic. He writes that all evening, until their bedtimes they would tiptoe past their father and curl themselves in their sheets fearfully listening. The two articles also show the two addicted people dying in the end. Mr. Phil, from the first article, The Company Man, dies from overworking himself. From the article, when he finally worked himself to death at exactly 3:00 A.M. Sunday morning no one tended to be actua lly surprised. In the second article, he no longer imagined, he could reason with the men whose names were found on the bottles, the likes of Jack Daniels. He claims to have been able to remember the statistics of alcoholism that were cold the likes of ten, fifteen and even twenty million victims. He says he failed of perfection and his father succeeded in dying. At the end, he had considered himself not sick but sinful, asked him whether he wanted to kill himself and was answered with a yes why not, why the hell not and what was there to be saved. The differences in the two articles are on the type of addiction, in that in the first article, the addiction is of work and the second article, the father is addicted to alcohol. This can be seen above where everyone including his acquaintances and friends knew Phil was a flawless type A w...

About Form DD-214 Request Report of Separation

The DD Form 214, Certificate of Release or Discharge from Active Duty, generally referred to as a DD 214, is a document issued by the United States Department of Defense upon the retirement, separation or discharge from active duty of any service member who served in any branch of the U.S. Armed Services. The DD 214 verifies and documents the former service member’s complete military service record during both active and reserve duty. It will list items such as awards and medals, rank/rate and pay grade held on active duty, total military combat service and/or overseas service, and various branch-specific specialties and qualifications held. Persons who serve exclusively in the Air National Guard or Army National Guard will receive a form NGB-22 from the National Guard Bureau, instead of a DD 214. The DD 214 also includes codes describing the service members’ reason for discharge and their reenlistment eligibility. These are the Separation Designator/Separation Justification (abbreviated as SPD/SJC) Codes and Reenlistment Eligibility (RE) Codes. Why the DD 214 Might Be Needed The DD 214 is typically required by the Department of Veterans Affairs to grant veterans benefits. Private sector employers may also require job applicants to provide a DD 214 as proof of military service. In addition, funeral directors typically require a DD 214 to show a deceased person’s eligibility for burial in a VA cemetery with provision of military honors. Since 2000, the families of all eligible veterans have been allowed to request honors including the presentation of a folded United States ceremonial burial flag and the sounding of Taps, at no cost. Requesting a DD 214 Copy Online There are currently two government sources where copies of a DD 214 on other military service records can be requested online: The eVetRecs website maintained by the National Archives and Records Administration allows veterans or their next of kin to request copies of DD 214s and separation documents, as well as medical records, and replacement medals. Note that copies can be requested only by veterans or their next of kin defined as a surviving spouse that has not remarried, father, mother, son, daughter, sister, or brother.The eBenefits veteran’s benefits web portal managed jointly by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs and the United States Department of Defense. The service allows veterans to review, and print documents from their official Military Personnel File, including their DD 214. eBenefits claims to provide electronic copies within 48 hours. However, in order to request a DD 214, the veteran must have an eBenefits Premium Account. When requesting military records online via the eVetRecs service,  certain basic information will be requested. This information includes: The veterans complete name used while in serviceService numberSocial Security numberBranch of serviceDates of serviceDate and place of birth (especially if the service number is not known).If you suspect your records may have been destroyed in the 1973 fire at the National Personnel Records Center, also include: Place of discharge, Last unit of assignment; and place of entry into the service, if known. All requests must be signed and dated by the veteran or next-of-kin. If you are the next of kin of a deceased veteran, you must provide proof of death of the veteran such as a copy of death certificate, letter from funeral home, or published obituary. If You are Not a Veteran or Next of Kin If you are not the veteran or next of kin, you must complete the Standard Form 180 (SF 180). You must then mail it or fax it to the appropriate address on the form. The Defense Department issues to each veteran a DD-214, identifying the veterans condition of discharge - honorable, general, other than honorable, dishonorable or bad conduct. For complete instructions on how to apply for a copy of your DD-214, see Veterans Service Records from the National Archives and Records Administration. Be sure to download and complete BOTH SIDES of the SF-180. The back of the form contains important mailing addresses and instructions. The Standard Form 180 is formatted for legal size paper (8.5 x 14). Please print it that way if your printer can accommodate that. If your printer can only print on letter size paper (8.5 x 11), select shrink to fit when the Adobe Acrobat Reader Print dialog box appears. Costs and Response Time Generally there is no charge for military personnel and health record information provided to veterans, next-of-kin, and authorized representatives. If your request involves a service fee, you will be notified as soon as that determination is made. Response time varies dependent upon the complexity of your request, the availability of records, and our workload. Please do not send a follow-up request before 90 days have elapsed as it may cause further delays. -- National Archives and Records Administration

Kandahar - the Movie - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1767 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/09/11 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? Kandahar Journey into the heart of Afghanistan A film by Mohsen Makhmablbaf Kandahar is a story of a young woman’s odyssey into Afghanistan to find her sister who has become so depressed with life under the Taliban that she is contemplating suicide on the same night of the last eclipse of the 20th Century. The film is based on a true story of the Afghan born Canadian journalist, Nelofer Paziera, who with her family was forced out of Afghanistan when the Taliban took power. Her father, a doctor, her mother, a professor of Persian Literature, Nelofer—then sixteen, and her brother lived in Kabul.. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Kandahar the Movie" essay for you Create order Because of his refusal adhere to the Taliban’s ban on male doctors assisting women patients her father was arrested and placed in jail . He spent sixteen months in jail. When he was released he gathered his family and with only their clothes on their back, they walked for ten days to the Pakistan border. From there they were able to emigrate to Canada and begin a new life. Nelofer finished school and became a journalist. Since leaving Afghanistan she had stayed in touch with an afghan friend back in. Her friend, an economics graduate who had a job working in a bank, wrote how depressed she was that the Taliban had forced her to quit working and stay home. She was not even allowed on the street without a male family member. Fearing that her friend was contemplating suicide, Nelofer flew to Iran and tried to enter Afghanistan. As a journalist she could not get a visa for Afghanistan making it necessary for her to go in illegally. At a refugee camp on the Iranian border she tried to enlist someone to help her get to Kabul but was told that it was far too dangerous for her to travel across Afghanistan. If she tried and was caught she would not only endanger herself but others as well, perhaps even her friend. With that caveat she abandoned the trip and returned to Canada. A few years later she heard from her friend; she had moved to Mazer-e-Sharif in the northern part of Afghanistan where conditions were more relaxed. In the movie, Kandahar, Nelofer plays an Afghan born Canadian journalist, Nafes, on a trip to find her sister who is contemplating suicide. She arrives at a refugee camp on the Iranian boarder with just three days to reach her sister. At the camp we are given a glimpse into life in Afghanistan. In 1979 when the USSR invaded Afghanistan to prop up the communist government that was growing shaky from a civil war, as many as five million people poured across the borders. Three million went to Pakistan and the other two to Iran. Nafes is to travel with a group of young girls returning to Afghanistan. â€Å"This will be your last day of school,† the girls are told, â€Å"but remember the wall is tall but the sky is taller†. The education of women was abolished by the Taliban. Before leaving the girls are given a lesson on how to avoid land mines. The Soviets had placed over a million landmines during the war without any mapping as required by the Geneva Convention’s rules of warfare. In places they had carpeted the ground with â€Å"butterfly† mines dropped from an air planes. The mines looked like butterflies as they fluttered to ground landing easily to avoid detonation. In an act of cruel desperation the Soviets had disguised some bombs as dolls and stuffed toys. War is not a pretty thing. The bombs were small and not designed to kill, but to wound. The Soviets felt that a wounded or crippled person would be a greater burden than a dead one. Because of the mines Afghanistan is populated with people with only one leg, or no legs at all for that matter. The International Red Cross has a program for providing artificial limbs but it is nowhere close to filling the needs. In a scene in the movie artificial legs are dropped by parachute from a helicopter as if floating down from Heaven and the crippled men rush out to gather them. Reminiscent of Nefeler’s father’s plight, along the path Nafes meets a doctor trying to treat women. He is an American who came to Afghanistan to fight against the Soviets. His job is a difficult one. He has to try and treat a woman without even looking at her; she is on the other side of a blanket which is hanging from the ceiling as a barrier. He must use her child as an intermediary to talk with her as he is not even allowed to talk with the women patients. The landscape of Afghanistan is barren with only about twelve percent of the land cultivatable. Mostly it is mountains and desert. The great Hindu Kush mountains in eastern Afghanistan are some of the roughest in the world. Rocky and with very little vegetation they are spotted with a few valleys that can be used in agriculture. The Afghan people are only a few generations away from being nomads who moved across the land grazing their livestock until the grass ran out then moving on. Before the Soviets came and the civil war that followed there were areas that produced pomegranates and grapes for export. But, the trees, vines, and irrigations systems were destroyed by war. Today Afghanistan’s major crop is the opium poppy which is exported to Europe and the United States to be made into heroin. Afghanistan produces 70% of the world’s opium poppies. In the tradition of the herding nomads, the second biggest export is Karakul skins, the hide of a new born lamb taken while the fur is still curly. About 800,000 skins are exported annually. One skin will bring about $30 on the open market, a big price for a farmer whose total income for a year may not exceed $200. After the Soviets withdrew in 1989 leaving a power vacuum, Afghanistan erupted into a civil war with several groups vying for power. Afghanistan has never had a real national conscience being a land made of up of tribal areas that reach into history over a thousand years. Even today’s national boundaries were put in place by the British in the nineteenth century to buffer Russia from India: England’s imperial jewel. The one unifying factor is Islam. In 632 the Prophet Mohammed ascended into heaven from Jerusalem, leaving behind a fanatical army of horsemen to spread his message. From here the Arabs began to take Islam into the outside world. By the seventh century Islam had reached Afghanistan where Buddhism was the dominant religion with cultural centers in Kandahar, Herat, and the Bemiyan province where in the third and fifth centuries the Buddhist monks built two large statues of Buddha over 150 feet high. In 2005 the Taliban bombed and destroyed these statues as a mortified world watched in disapproval. Islam is a very important factor in Afghan life. Whether it is saying prayers five times a day; or fasting during Ramadan, the Islamic holy month; or giving zakat, the mandatory giving of alms to the poor required by the Quran. No other people show more observance than the Afghan people. There is an old saying about Afghanistan: â€Å"It is me against my brother. It is my brother and I against my cousin. It is my brother, my cousin and I against the world. † Afghanistan is a land of warriors. If they have no common enemy they war with each other. When the Soviets left, so left the common enemy and civil war broke out. The loosely knit cohesive social fabric that existed during the war with Soviets disintegrated. There was no system of laws. Power was to the strongest. After a rape of twelve year old girls in Kandahar and several murders, the Afghan people wanted some sort of order. Enter the Taliban. With their harsh ways and strict adherence to the Sharia, the laws of Islam, they also brought order. The Taliban, which translates to student, are the holy warriors for Islam. They are of the Sunni sect of Islam with the goal of creating a purely Islamic culture governed by the strictest interpretations of the Sharia, Islamic Law. This set of laws requires the most austere of lifestyles: no music, no books except the Quran and other Islamic texts, and very little social interaction. Women fair very badly under the Taliban; they are not allowed in public unless wearing a Burka, a dress that covers the woman from head to toe leaving only a screened area for her to see and breath. This is to keep men from wavering in their dedication to Islam and becoming tempted by the flesh. Women must be accompanied on the street by a male blood relative, and they are prohibited from attending school or work. Under the Taliban public executions are common as the Sharia prescribes the most barbaric of punishments: the cutting off of a hand for stealing, and beheading, or blinding for other offenses The Taliban are tied very closely with the Wahabbi Sect of Sunnism of Saudi Arabia another very strict culture. The rich Saudis contribute a great deal of financial support to the Taliban as well as supplying them with young enthusiasts from their madrassas’, religious schools. On her journey to Kandahar, Nafes, encounters a young man who had been expelled from the ocal school, a school that teaches only the Quran and the attributes of the Kalashnikov rifle. The goal of the school is to send out Mulahs, religious leaders. The madrassas’ are the only form of education in many Islamic countries and this presents a real problem. The young men educated in these schools are taught the Quran and other Islamic texts but no other skills. They in turn are not prepared for any other occupati on and are unable to find employment. Many of them emigrate to Europe seeking employment with no useful skills creating a problem for many European governments. As the Taliban took control of Afghanistan, they began to provide a safe haven for Al-Qaeda and their road to 9-11. Ironically as the Saudis provide much of the financial support for the Taliban. That money comes from oil purchases from the United States. And so it goes. Makhmalbaf, the Kandahar film director, uses his camera as a wide brush to paint the long horizons of the desert along the Iranian Afghan border. The sand is interrupted only by low growing spindly plants spaced apart from each other. And, thus the road to Kandahar.

project planning and management - 1337 Words

PART 1 1. To what extent does project management apply to Adventures Unlimited? Each tour established by Adventures Unlimited could be considered as a single project. Each tour has the destination, and is not routine and repetitive. The project begins when the consumer and Adventures Unlimited reach the same agreement, and ends when the consumer goes back. Each tour is unique and never been taken before. That is to say, each tour has the specific time, cost, and performance requirements. The tour, as one project, can be described in a project life cycle way (see Figure 1, Project Life Cycle adapted from Project Planning and Management 2013). The first stage is defining the tour destination and agreement or contract of the tour. And†¦show more content†¦To meet the demand of the consumer and the feasible budget, the project manager has to fully allocate the useful resources and get the same agreement with the consumer. Using the financial model and take all possible satiation into consideration to make the budget efficiency. Another essential training is risk management. In the material, it can be found that the Rodriguezes has little effect after unexpected situation happened. The administrative may get another plan before department. Then consumers will not complain about when the tour is disturbed or the schedule is changed. In the material, the manager failed to solve the problem (train missing), and then the entire schedule was delay. If the Rodriguezes or the tour guide could book the flight in advance or make one more sightseeing plan, the problem could be remedied. The third issue would be the communication management. The delivery of the tour would be out of consumers’ expectation. The Rodriguezes and consumer should get the same agreement about the level of quality of accommodations and price. The contract is essential to protect the right of both sides. The clear delivery of the tour information is a must, or the unpleasant consumers’ emotion may also lead to the bad reputation of the business. The final topic is the insurance. The Rodriguezes can cooperate with the insurance company to make the consumer safe and reduce the risk of the company. Due to the healthy issue, the bad case of foodShow MoreRelatedProject Planning and Project Management1752 Words   |  8 PagesCC5001 Project Planning and Project Management 2014-15 Coursework Report Structure The report structure relates to the scenario described and previously published; you are asked to plan (but not implement) a project for the CROSTIE and SCIRITUR systems for client James Chambers, MD of CCRS Ltd. You should prepare a report, addressing all sections and maintaining the sequence given below. Guidelines (which MUST NOT be exceeded, if it is exceeded marks WILL be deducted) for the maximum lengthRead MoreProject Management : Project Planning Fundamentals1213 Words   |  5 PagesThese have brought very effective changes to project management.project management includes implementing,controlling,goals and identifying tasks which are to be achieved.the concept of the project and project management involves project evaluation,project selection,project planning fundamentals.project cost control and scheduling of a project in critical methom(cpm) which are crucial to technology-intensive organizations which have been discussed.a project is a sequence structure that are conn ectedRead MoreRationale For Project Planning : Project Management1669 Words   |  7 Pages1. Rationale for Project Planning The purpose of project planning is to define major task and estimate resources and times necessary to provide an outline for management review and control. A successful project depends on thorough planning that is done before projects commence. There are several stages to planning a project the first is research as a project manager/Team a brief is usually given and the vital information about the project will be in the brief, so as a team it is important to readRead MoreProject Planning And Time Management1389 Words   |  6 PagesProject Plan 1. Introduction Among the major factors involved in the successful completion of a PhD programme are project planning and time management. Therefore, defining and clarifying the scope and objectives of a project and breaking down the work into tasks and subtasks are crucial in order to achieve the set objectives, assess the projected timing and duration and prioritise key tasks with regard to importance and urgency. Frequent monitoring of progress against the plan constitute an essentialRead MoreProject Management : Planning And Scheduling1039 Words   |  5 PagesPlanning is always helpful for any project even its small or big project. A project without planning has negative impact on their result. Proper planning will consider all task before implementing them into business and can give idea about all possibilities. It can help to break big task into small task and make process smoother. Planning is helping project manager to use their past knowledge in future project. Project planning is the pro cess where project manager decide all the steps to implementRead MorePlanning: Project Management Software2086 Words   |  9 PagesChapter 1 : Introduction to Project Management Disscussion Question 1. Briefly describe some key events in the history of project management. What role does the Project Management Institute and other professional societies play in helping the profession? Key events: ââ€" ª Manhattan Project which the U.S. military led to develop the atomic bomb. Costs almost $2 billion in 1946. ââ€" ª New Los Alamos laboratory 1946,project management was recognized as a distinctRead MoreTourism Planning and Project Management1979 Words   |  8 Pagesprogram, the operation will tie in the price of the surfing vacation with the weather situation. For example, better weather for surfing conditions (waves, temperature, sunny days, etc.) will command a higher price. This is a new and quite risky project that requires analysis prior to implementation. Risks As with any new venture, there are a number of risks associated with an as yet untried marketing proposal. The travel industry itself is complex, with a number of stakeholders that must comeRead MoreProject Planning : The Third Phase Of Project Management935 Words   |  4 PagesProject definition and planning: Project planning is the second stage of the management phase and is an important part of good management practices. The planning includes defining tasks, writing documents and allocating jobs to project members. The documentation planning includes creating descriptions of required tasks and then submitting papers which outlines the job. The author Esposito (2015), suggests that, â€Å"Documents that are created during this time may include the: SCOPE Statement, a CommunicationsRead MoreProject Management : Planning And Guiding Project Process1939 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Project management Project management is a methodical approach to planning and guiding project processes from start to finish. According to the Project Management Institute, the processes are guided through five stages: initiation, planning, executing, controlling, and closing. Project management can be applied to almost any type of project and is widely used to control the complex processes of software development projects (Rouse, 2008). Project procurement Project procurement management is aboutRead MoreComparing Project Management and Scenario Planning1011 Words   |  5 PagesRunning Header: Project Management and Scenario Planning Comparing Project Management and Scenario Planning Business Management and Leadership IP2 January 17, 2010 Managers are the driving forces of an organization they have five functions organizing, planning, staffing, directing and controlling. A manager role is to achieve effective utilization of resources in an organization. Managers have a major role in the decision making process, he has to know how to communicate in bring changes

Colgate Palmolive Co. Business Strategies - 1446 Words

Colgate-Palmolive Co. is a company which focuses on products that promote hygiene and cleanliness. They have dominated the marketplace while efficiently providing oral care, pet care, cleaning products and more. They are predominantly known for their oral hygiene products and have remained the leading brand of it’s industry. This report delves into their current stance and how they will need to focus on targeting new markets and the transformation of their business strategies. While taking all six elements(culture, demographics, social, technology, economic and political/legal) of macroenvironmental components that create their external analysis. This report also analyses the competition Colgate-Palmolive faces and the continuous fight†¦show more content†¦(Colgate-Palmolive Company SWOT Analysis, 1-9) This is the target market Colgate needs to aim for. 2.1 External Analysis Colgate is currently one of the top contenders on the global market for its products yet they must consistently keep an eye on their competition and what is going on externally to be able to keep up with the market and stay ahead of the game. (Colgate-Palmolive Company SWOT Analysis. (2014).) The most important thing that can be done now is to focus on their PR and showing their companies ethic morals and the ways they have helped make millions of lives around the world better. (Colgate-Palmolive Company SWOT Analysis. (2014).) 2.1.1 Macro(remote)-environment In order for Colgate to remain on top of the markets needs and wants, the 6 components that create the macro-environment which effects the target market and marketing environment are as follows. (Grewal, D. 2015) Political Environment: Colgate has been faced with several lawsuits against them upon various occasions. The one that stands out from the rest is when Colgate was made to pay $45.9million to ERISA(Employee Retirement Income Security) in order to settle the retirement benefits for 8,600 of their employees. (Prochilo, D., 2013). Colgate also faced another $13m Asbestos Jury Verdict over Talcum Powder which they were accused to be manufacturing. (Gibb,Show MoreRelatedProject on Colgate4336 Words   |  18 PagesIntroduction Colgate  Palmolive ltd. is one of the largest FMCG Company in India. Colgate-Palmolive headquartered in  New York City  is the biggest seller of toothpaste and a world leader in oral care products (mouthwash, toothpastes, and toothbrushes). The company also makes personal care products (baby care, deodorants, shampoos, soaps) and household cleaners (bleaches laundry products, soaps). Its other well-known brands include Palmolive dishwashing liquid and tabs,  Ajax  surface cleaners, and laundryRead MoreColgate Case Study3186 Words   |  13 Pageschange. These cases study provide students with the disciplines defining conceptual frameworks and the technologies used in x organizational development. Greater emphasis is on understanding the relationship between the OD practitioners (like Colgate-Palmolive and Marks Spencer) role and key players in the clients system as the OD cycle unfolds. Students would experience the practitioners mind set as they are challenged to frame organizational issues and identify how to enter and intervene inRead Mo reDomestic Marketing vs International Marketing2276 Words   |  10 PagesDomestic marketing vs International marketing Domestic marketing and International marketing are same when it comes to the fundamental principle of marketing. 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Agarwal Submitted by: DINESH CHAUHAN [62014] VIVEK DHAR [62066] FORE SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT NEW DELHI Contents ⠝â€" Introduction 1 ⠝â€" Objective 2 ⠝â€" Methodology 3 ⠝â€" Company Profile 4 ⠝â€" Company Strategy 6 ⠝â€" Marketing Mix 15 ⠝â€" SWOT Analysis 26 ⠝â€" Survey Findings 28 ⠝â€" Retailers Survey 34 ⠝â€" Conclusion 37 ⠝â€" Suggestions 39 ⠝â€" Consumer Questionnaire ⠝â€" Retailer Questionnaire ⠝â€" BibliographyRead MoreMarketing Planning Jordan Toothbrushes5522 Words   |  23 PagesTABLE OF CONTENTS I. Executive summary 1 II. Introduction 2 III. Company profile 2 IV. Situation analysis 3 4.1 Situational Environments 3 4.1.1 Demographic Situation 3 4.1.2 Economic and Business Conditions 3 4.1.3 Social and Cultural Factors 4 4.1.4 Legal/Political Situation 5 4.1.5 Demand and Demand Trend 5 4.2 Competitor Environment 6 4.2.1 General Assessment 6 4.2.2 Competitors Strengths and Weaknesses 6 4.2.3 Comparison of Jordan Toothbrush with Competitors Products 7 V. 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Lafley: Innovating PG’s Innovations3273 Words   |  14 Pages Strategic Objectives 11 Corporate Level Strategy 12 Business Level Strategy 12 Function Level Strategy 12 General Difference in Strategic Direction 13 References 14 Synopsis PG, one of the world’s largest consumer products companies came from a humble beginning when William Procter and James Gamble settled in Cincinnati as a candle maker and a soap maker respectively. Their father in law encouraged them to become business partners and PG was founded in 1837. WhichRead MoreInnovation1666 Words   |  7 PagesProctor and Gamble in 1837 as a soap and candle company in Ohio USA. P amp;G has now developed into global manufacturing and marketing company of branded consumer products. Its markets are over 180 countries including America amp; Asia regions. Its Business is mainly into five segments. * Fabric amp; home Care * Beauty * Baby care * Family care * Health care amp; groom. The fabric care and home care compromises bleach and laundry additives, laundry detergents, pet care, dish

Microeconomics Perfect competition

Question: Discuss about the Microeconomics Perfect competition. Answer: Profit maximization under perfect competition As per the concept of microeconomics, in order to maximize the profitability under the perfect competition, the apple-manufacturing firm requires to set the price level where marginal revenue is equivalent to the marginal cost. MR is the slope of the marginal revenue curve and this is equivalent to the price level and the demand curve. Under short run, the apple-manufacturing firm would be possible to make economic profits, which would be equal to positive, negative or zero. In this context, it can be mentioned that if the price level is higher than the average total cost, then the firm would incur loss within the industry. Figure 1: Perfect competition under perfect competition (Source: Created by author) From the above figure, it can be mentioned that under short run, the apple-manufacturing firm would make profit where price level such as P is higher than the average cost that is C. Therefore, this is the point which is assumed as the optimal level in case of pick up apples. In addition, it can be mentioned that the area PCBA denotes the supernormal profit and area COQB denotes the area of normal profitability. On the other hand, Koschker and Most (2016) added that under long run, the apple manufacturing firm would make normal profits. Therefore, the supply curve would be shifted to right and the equilibrium price would be decreased. As a result, the economic profitability would be decreased until it becomes zero. As per the statement of Makowski (2014), if there arise any inefficiency within the perfectly competitive market, then the government requires to intervene. Government tries to mitigate the inequalities by imposing taxation or by providing subsidies. As a result, the market will be perfectly allocated. References Koschker, S. and Mst, D., 2016. Perfect competition vs. strategic behaviour models to derive electricity prices and the influence of renewables on market power.OR spectrum,38(3), pp.661-686. Makowski, L., 2014. Perfect Competition, the Profit Criterion, and the Organiza-tion of Economic Activity.Journal of Economic Theory,22, pp.105-25.

In Hong Kong deep excavations ... free essay sample

In Hong Kong deep excavations are often used for construction of underground transportation networks, buildings basements and water distribution system. The deep excavation methods always causing adverse ground movement and result in damage of the structure of the adjacent property particularly in soft ground situation. Thus, excavation and lateral support (ELS) system is very important to prevent the excessive ground movement. Some of the researchers have studies the ground deformation created by excavations in soft clay, however seldom of researchers have studies the deformation behaviour during excavation in reclaimed Land. In this Dissertation, a deep excavation case using diaphragm wall to support the mixed ground for studying the ground movement behavior will be shared. Nowadays, numerical analysis is the major method to estimate the ground settlement and deformation induced by excavations, while it is quite difficult to select a suitable model and difficult to determine the soil parameters. Review of the soil parameters is the most important process before carrying out the numerical analysis. Hence, back-analysis will be conducted to define the parameters for excavations in mixed ground. The proposed Dissertation report mainly focuses on the behaviour of Diaphragm Wall during deep excavation. This progress review report mainly to discuss the literature review and method to analysis the behavior of Diaphragm Wall for deep excavation process.The proposed Route 6 network development in Hong Kong comprise of Central Kowloon Route (CKR), Trunk Road T2, and Tseung Kwan O – Lam Tin Tunnel. Route 6 will offer an east-west express link between West Kowloon and Tseung Kwan O and resolve the existing heavily congested urban road network in the central and eastern Kowloon areas [CEDD, 2015]. Contract No. KL/2014/03 – Kai Tak Development Stage 3 is required to build a Trunk Road T2. The Length of T2 is about 420m underground vehicular tunnel by using of a supporting underground structure (SUS) which consist of diaphragm walls, pre-bored H-piles, tunnel top and bottom slabs, temporary end walls for CKR connection and ventilation adits buried underneath the existing Shing Cheong Road and Cheung Yip Street. Road T2 is the entrustment works of the part of Central Kowloon Route development [CEDD, 2015].Due to widespread volcanism and plutonism beneath the earths surface in ancient, the geological profile generally in Hong Kong are volcanic and granitic materials [Sewell 2000]. The subtropical and monsoonal climate with cool dry winters and hot and wet summers in Hong Kong has accelerate weathering processes in these kinds of rocks. The profiles are usually from few meters to several tens of meters in thickness depend on the intensive of the scrubbing processes [Fyfe 200 0]. The rocks cover with Quaternary surface sediments, ranging in thickness from lamellae to several tens of meters. Quaternary superficial deposit comprises many local deposits and extensive collapse of alluvium. Marine sediments may exist in some areas above the alluvial layer. In developed areas, a few meters thick of fill soil located above the sediments surface. Groundwater level is generally higher, just a few meters below the surface. Hong Kong mainly is hilly geometry land thus lack of flat land for urban development. The past century, the extensive reclamation has been carried out at the coastal line of Hong Kong Kowloon Peninsula [Fyfe 2000]. In Hong Kong, there are 6 type of decomposition levels to classify the soil and the rock, table 4 shown in Geoguide 3 are usually used to describe the volcanic and granitic materials in Hong Kong [Geoguide 3, 2017]. The soil mechanics terminology of rock define as the material of decomposition levels from Grades I to III and Grade I is fresh rock, Grade II ; III slightly and moderately decomposed rock. Grades IV to VI decomposition material define as soil. Soil is equal to rock of decomposition Grades IV and V or namely highly decomposed and completely decomposed materials. Grade VI, defined as residual soil, which is not common found in Hong Kong and usually in a thin layer.It is not easy to obtain undisturbed granular granitic and volcanic samples deeper than 20 meters for carry out testing in laboratory. Standard Penetration Test (SPT) is the most common method used in Hong Kong to verify its geotechnical characteristics. It has recently been found that shear modulus of granitic rock is highly nonlinear even at very small strains. In-situ measurements of shear modulus of granite soil at very small strains Go by compression wave and shear wave (P-S) velocity logging tests conducted at Kowloon Bay [Ng 2000], where N is number of blow count from SPTs. A range of SPT N values correlated with Youngs modulus such as E = 200 to 3000N (kPa) was proposed by Geotechnical Engineering Office (GEO) of Civil Engineering Development Department (CEDD) of The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) [Geoguide 1, 2017]. Also, the relationships between SPT N values and shear strength parameters (i.e., effective cohesion, c and angle of friction, I ;) and fine contents are given by [Pun and Ho 1996]. The range for I ; varies from 33Â ° and 44Â ° and c from 0 to 6 kPa related to the proportion of fine contents and SPT N values. The geological feature of Kai Tak airport is a reclamation area, it is using granular fill material from the seabed to develop Kai Tak airfield by hydraulic fill method from Victoria Harbour [CEDD web site]. During the feasibility stage of the proposed Central Kowloon Route, CEDD of HKSAR has conducted ground investigation for the proposed underground trunk road development. The geological ground condition of the area generally comprises of around 10~14m thick of fill, 2~11m thick of marine deposit, 12~22m thick of alluvium, 8~48m thick of completely decomposed granite and moderately decomposed granite (Bed Rock).Throughout ground investigation process on site and laboratory testing of soil sample, most of the important soil parameters could be defined. These information is important for design the deep excavation system and the proposed works such as:In dense urban city, space for new construction site is limited thus deep excavation for substructure work will induce adverse ground movement to the adjacent property. Throughout the past 30 years diaphragm wall was widely used for deep excavations in Hong Kong such as the Mass Transit Railway, Express Rail Link, Basement of Mega High-Rise Building and Harbour Area Treatment Scheme (HATS) that provide and extra underground space for development. Diaphragm Wall is reinforced concrete wall panel constructed in the ground using bentonite slurry trench technique during excavation, slurry has unit weight around 10. 5 to 10.8 kN/m3. Obstructions such as boulders may be presented during the excavation, hydrofraise machine ore pre-boring will be used to overcome the hard material. Water-stop will be provided in the vertical joint between the reinforced concrete wall panels.The D-walls are supported by props such as concrete floor slabs for top-down construction method or temporary props such as steel struts in both top-down and bottom-up construction method. In a complex underground structure, tie-back anchors may be used which provided more working space then the traditional strutting system. The advantage of top-down method is to speed up construction process and to minimize ground deformation, while the bottom-up method is often used when working space is allowed. According to the findings from [Long 2001], the wall deflection using the top-down construction method is not smaller than the bottom-up construction method. In some case, the wall deflection using the top-down construction method is found greater than the bottom-up construction method such as the case in Singapore Nicholl Highway.Inject grout curtain to the toe of D-wall is a normal practice which to control seepage of groundwater entering into an excavation site and to prevent the groundwater drawdown and ground settlement outside the D-wall. A pumping test is performed to ensure water tightness of diaphragm wall.Bottom-up method for construction of the underground vehicular tunnel was adopted in this project, hit and miss diaphragm walls with strutting as the temporary support system for stages excavation works. The layout and details of the ELS are presented in the following:Most of the excavation are carried out in dense urban areas, so it is very important to check the stabili ty of the works which may induce adverse effect to the adjacent structures during the design and construction period. It is necessary to prepare well in advance to predict the excessive ground deformation phenomenon of deep excavation in design stage and review during the construction stage to ensure the safety and serviceability of the adjacent buildings and facilities. Inappropriate planning and design of ELS system can result in substantial deformation of soil and damage to the adjacent properties. Based on the available information of site, preventive measures will be developed for ELS works. The key elements need to be identified by finite element simulation. Therefore, numerical analysis helps to design the appropriate measures suitable for construction. The accuracy of soil deformation estimation depends on the correct interpretation of the numerical tool, the appropriate soil parameters, water pressure and properties of the lateral support system.There are three categories methods for soil deformation prediction, they are numerical methods, the analytical solutions and, empirical methods. Those methods have their own advantage and disadvantage on application which depends on the specific site constrains. Particularly, the numerical analysis can provide analysis of non-linear soil behaviour and complex construction procedure, this method needs proper understanding of soil parameters and properties of the lateral support system.Two-dimensional (2D) finite element analysis is used by Engineers since 1969, owning to the availability of computer facilities and simply for modelling of different site constrains and construction methods. In most cases, 2D analysis is conservatively predicts the deformation behaviour. This conservative prediction due to correct interpretation of the soil parameters, location and nature of fictitious boundary conditions, effect of surcharge from adjacent structures, sequence of excavations, etc.Some researchers have studied the effect of diaphragm wall on the stress distribution and deformation characteristics of ground below adjacent structure at different locations. Idealized processing of typical building loads, analysis of their effects on excavation and lateral support systems, bending moments, shear forces and displacement of D-walls. The results of the study indicate that the use of D-wall can greatly limit the ground movement under the building and safely for excavation. The horizontal and vertical displacements and the shear stress in the soil decrease linearly with the distance from the D-walls.In this research, an effort will be made to compare the soil deformation pattern in design stage and construction stage owning to deep excavation. The Trunk Road T2 is still in construction progress. The predicted deformation modelling of the mix ground soil by the computer program Plaxis will be used and also compared with the actual site monitoring measured data such as ground settlement marker, vertical inclinometer, strain gauge and piezometer during the construction.Finally, back calculation will be adopted to evaluate the accuracy of estimated soil parameters. Even under similar ground conditions, soil parameters can change significantly due to size, loading history, and excavation methods. However, these soil parameters will be followed the guidelines in Geoguides. This method can prove to be the best practice in any geotechnical energineering, as well as the initial field and laboratory investigations. Therefore, it can minimize the risk of construction and damage to adjacent structures. However, how to overcome the challenge of accurately predicting ground deformation does not have much guidance. The key difficulties of predicting ground movements from the comparison results will be suggested and recommended the improvement for the prediction throughout on the design consideration and inspection process.